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State, county and city economies are constantly challenged in running government operations. A government-run sector may transfer to the private sector the responsibility for carrying out the service and/or resource management activities and responsibilities. Privatization can be a solution to dealing with particularly problematic aspects within a government's administration. Often municipalities will turn to privatization to solve an issue. A city or county may, for example, have vehicle maintenance cost increases that exceed revenues consistently and look to privatization as a means of controlling increasing costs. It may not, however, address other factors that are contributing to the cost increases or revenue shortfalls, such as regulation. Overtime compensation, for instance, could be a problem that also applies to other aspects of the government.〔Mitchell, Alan. "(A Model for Municipal Privatization )" American City & County February 1, 1997.〕 ==Definition of privatization== Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, charity or public service from the public sector (the state or government) or common use to the private sector (businesses that operate for a private profit) or to private non-profit organizations. In a broader sense, privatization refers to transfer of any government function to the private sector - including governmental functions like revenue collection and law enforcement.〔"Corrupt Bureaucracy and Privatisation of Tax Enforcement", Chowdhury, F. L. 2006: Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.〕 The term "privatization" also has been used to describe two unrelated transactions. The first is a buyout, by the majority owner, of all shares of a public corporation or holding company's stock, privatizing a publicly traded stock, and often described as private equity. The second is a demutualization of a mutual organization or cooperative to form a joint stock company.〔"Musselburgh Co-op in crisis as privatization bid fails''.". Co-operative News. 2005-11-01. http://www.thenews.coop/index.php?content=story&id=835. Retrieved 2008-05-21〕 Privatization has also been defined as the sale of public assets to private companies who then provide that service back to the community or municipality at a competitive price. The whole idea behind the privatization issue is that the new provider will be able to provide the same service but at a reduce cost to the public. The municipality and the community will be able to benefit from the reduce cost that was associated with operating the public facility. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Privatization in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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